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Avro Burga
The Burga monoplane was built by Avro for R.F. Burga to test his unique system of lateral control. It was a single engined two seat monoplane, fitted with differentially operated surfaces above and below the central fuselage.
==Development==
Since the Wright brothers' crucial work on aircraft control, lateral control has almost always been provided by moving the surface of the wing, either by wing warping or with ailerons. Lieut. R.F. Burga of the Peruvian Navy made the radical suggestion that it might be better to effect lateral control with two rudder-like surfaces, mounted near the centre of gravity and at right angles to the wings. A roll would be initiated by turning these surfaces, one below and one above the fuselage, in opposite directions. Burga applied for a patent in 1910 and it was published on 2 November 1911.〔''Flight'', 4 November 1911, p.970〕 He approached A.V Roe & Co., who would build other people's designs for them, and in 1912 a single engined shoulder winged monoplane was produced with the novel control surfaces. It has been suggested〔 that this aircraft may have been the Avro 502, about which all that is known is that it was a monoplane.
The Burga monoplane was built at Avro's Manchester factory at the same time as the prototype Avro Type E biplane, and it used the same tail unit and undercarriage.〔 Control surfaces apart, it differed primarily in being a monoplane, but also in having a more slender fuselage, though still a two seater, and in using a less powerful but lighter engine, a Gnome rotary.〔 The wings were braced from below to strong points on the undercarriage and from above to a pylon just ahead of the front cockpit.〔 A vertical shaft attached to this pylon appears also to have carried the leading edges of the lateral control surfaces; the one below the fuselage was almost rectangular but the upper one was shaped to avoid the passenger's head.〔''Flight'', 23 November 1912, p.1086〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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